形容詞及副詞的比較級和最高級變化形式

一、規則變化

1. 一般在詞尾直接加er或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest

2. 以不發音的字母e結尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st， nice-nicer-nicest

3. 以輔音字母+y結尾的詞，把y變為i，再加er或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest

4. 重讀閉音節，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er或est， big-bigger-biggest

【注】：大,紅,濕,熱,悲,瘦,胖.雙寫末輔再變級.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）

5. 部分雙音節詞和多音節詞分別在原級前加more構成比較級和most構成最高級，beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

【注】:表示否定意義在其前加less /least。

important----less

important----least important

English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .

6.由 “形容詞+ly”構成的副詞,在其前加more/ most。

slowly---moreslowly----most slowly；但early—earlier---earliest

二、不規則變化

原級→比較級→最高級

good/well→better→best

many/much→more→most

little→less→least

old→older / elder→oldest /eldest

bad/badly/ill→worse→worst

far→farther (距離)/further（程度）→farthest /furthest

下列單、雙音節詞只能加more和most

注: 形容詞,副詞同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight

三、常見用法

（一）原級句型：

1. A is as+原級+ as+ B 表示A 與B一樣…eg:

He is as tall as me.

2. A is not as/so +原級+ as B表示A不如B…

He is not as tall as me.

3. 只能修飾原級的詞，very，quite，so，too，so,enough, pretty等 ， 例如，

He is too tired to walk on.

他太累了以至于不能再繼續走了。

（二）比較級句型

可以修飾比較級的詞，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一點兒 even甚至，still仍然 Eg.

Lesson One is much easier than LessonTwo.

第一課比第二課容易得多。

Tom looks even younger than before.

湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。

1. 當句中有than 時則用比較級。 eg:

He is fatter than me.

2．當句子中的比較對象為兩者時用比較級：“特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級，A or B？”

Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？

哪一個大，地球還是月球？

3. “比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。加more構成比較級的形容詞則用more and more +形容詞表示越來越……

The flowers are more and more beautiful.

花兒越來越漂亮。

English is more and more important.

4. “the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越……，越……”。

The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

5. “A+be+the+形容詞比較級+of the two+…”表示“A是兩者中較……的”。

Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

6. A+be+形容詞比較級+than+any other+單數名詞(+介詞短語)” 表示“A比同一范圍的任何一個人/物都……”，含義是“A最……”。

The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.

=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.

（三）最高級常用句型結構

1．“主語+be+the+形容詞最高級+單數名詞+in/of短語”表示“……是……中最……的”。

Tom is the tallest in his classhttps://www.yixuexianzhi.com/a/of all the students.

This apple is the biggest of the five.

2．“主語+be+one of the+形容詞最高級+復數名詞+in/of短語”表示“……是……中最……之一”。

Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.

3．“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+A，B，or C？”用于三者以上

Which is the biggest? The moon, the sun or ths earth?

4. ”the +序數詞+最高級+單數名詞+范圍”。表示……是第幾大（…）

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

【注意】形容詞最高級之前要加the,但當最高級之前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時則不加the

He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend

【典型例題】

1. —What’s___________ mountain in the world?

—Qomolangma. It’s 8,844.43 meters high.

A. highest

B. the highest

C. higher

D the higher

【答案】B

2. Could you speak in a__________ voice? We can hardly hear you.

A. friendlier

B. louder

C. softer

D. lovelier

【答案】B

【解析】根據We canhardly hear you.可知對方請求說話聲音再大些。對比選項，故選B。

【考點】形容詞比較級

3. —Which one do you like_________?— Neither, thanks.

A.better

B.the better

C.best

D .the best

【答案】A

【解析】根據Neither,thanks兩個都不喜歡，可知是兩者比較級，所以用比較級。

【考點】比較級

4. —Did you know China is one of the oldest countries in the world?

—Yes, I did. It’s ______ than the US.

A. much older

B. more older

C. much elder

D. more elder

【答案】B

【解析】-你知道中國是世界上最古老的國家之一嗎？-是的，我知道，它比美國古老多了。根據句中的than,可知判斷用比較級。old的比較級是older或elder , elder通常于名詞前作定語用，而不能用在be動詞或系動詞后作表語,即This is my elder brother.而older作“年長的”解時，則正好與之相反，它用作表語，而不用作定語形容詞,即He is older.much 可以修飾比較級，結合該句中它做表語，故選B。

【考點】形容詞比較級

5. Yao Ming is one of________most popular________in China.

A.a ; players

B.the ; players

C.an ;runners

D.much; runners

【答案】B