導(dǎo)讀認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)句子中的各種成分，是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，下面我們就來聊聊關(guān)于英語句子成分講解書?接下來我們就一起去了解一下吧!英語句子成分講解書認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)句子中的各種....

認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)句子中的各種成分，是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，下面我們就來聊聊關(guān)于英語句子成分講解書?接下來我們就一起去了解一下吧!

英語句子成分講解書

認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)句子中的各種成分，是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。

英語句子中總共有以下成分：

1、主語 2、謂語 3、賓語 4、表語 5、定語 6、狀語 7、補(bǔ)語

一、主語：

定義：動(dòng)作的發(fā)起者、執(zhí)行者，或者是句子陳述的對(duì)象。

（一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或者從句來充當(dāng)），大多數(shù)主語都在句首。如：

代詞作主語 We work in a big factory.

名詞作主語 The classroom is very big.

數(shù)詞作主語 Three are enough.

不定式作主語 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.

動(dòng)名詞用作主語 Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. ）

從句作主語（主語從句What we need is food .

特殊：

在“There be …”句型中，屬于倒裝句，主語的位置在中間。There are some bottles of milk in the box.

▲ 在個(gè)別句型中，主語在整個(gè)句子后面，這時(shí)前面用it作形式主語。如：

It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.

It took two workers about three months to build the house.

二、謂語：

定語：用來說明主語的動(dòng)作、行為、狀態(tài)

（簡(jiǎn)單謂語、復(fù)合謂語）謂語必須是動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，放在主語之后。

謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致（即主謂一致）。如：

He knocked at the door heavily.

He knows a little English.

注意：句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)完全體現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞上。

如：

He went to the library just now.

I have finished my homework.

The window was broken last night.

三、賓語：

定義：是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象/承受者（賓語由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞/短語或從句來充當(dāng)。有時(shí)，會(huì)有雙賓語。

例：

名詞作賓語 He never forgives others for their mistakes.

代詞做賓語 He often helps me.

不定式作賓語 He likes to sleep in the open air.

動(dòng)名詞作賓語 The Americans enjoyed living in China.

從句做賓語 I believe that they can finish the work in time.

四、表語

定義：是用來說明主語身份、狀態(tài)、特征等含義，由名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語，或者是句子來充當(dāng)，它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。

形容詞作表語 You look younger than before.

名詞作表語 My father is a teacher.

副詞作表語 Everyone is here.

介詞短語作表語 They are at the theatre.

不定式作表語 My job is to teach them English.

動(dòng)名詞作表語 Her job is training the nurses.

從句作表語 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

表語置于系動(dòng)詞后，與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。系動(dòng)詞除了be（表狀態(tài)）外，還有：

表持續(xù)：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand

表表象：seem, appear, look

表變化：go, get, turn, grow, become

表感官：taste, smell, look, sound, feel

表終止：prove, turn out

五、定語

定義：相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用，對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾和限定范圍。

一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、從句等來充當(dāng)。分為前置定語和后置定語。

形容詞作定語 She is an honest girl.

名詞作定語 They made some paper flowers.

介詞短語作定語 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.

分詞短語作定語 The boy sleeping in the room is my brother.

從句作定語 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.

六、狀語

定義：是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個(gè)句子。一般表示行動(dòng)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式原因、結(jié)果、程度等。

可用作狀語的有副詞、名詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。

介詞短語作狀語：

In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.

在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點(diǎn)狀語）

On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里沒有學(xué)生.(時(shí)間狀語)

副詞作狀語： I walked quickly.

分詞（短語）作狀語：

He sits there,asking for a pen.

他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè),男孩需要一支筆(原因狀語)

Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.

（因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒.(原因狀語)

不定式作狀語：

The boy needs a pen to do his homework.

男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的狀語）

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.

為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)很有興趣.(條件狀語)

I am glad to see you. 我很高興遇見你。(原因狀語)

名詞作狀語：Wait a minute.

從句作狀語（九大狀語從句）：

時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、方式狀語從句。如：

It was raining when we arrived.

She found her calculator where she lost it.

He worked hard so that he passed the exam.

He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.

七、補(bǔ)語：

在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補(bǔ)足語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把“賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”合起來稱為復(fù)合賓語。復(fù)合賓語所表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子的意思。

補(bǔ)語的主要作用是補(bǔ)充說明賓語的特點(diǎn)、身份、狀態(tài)等，表示讓賓語去完成的動(dòng)作.

常見的“賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

1.“賓語 名詞”。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：

call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。

1). We call him Jack.

2). They made Li Lei their monitor.

2.“賓語 形容詞”。常見的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：

1). Do you think his idea wrong?

2). We must keep our classroom clean.

3.“賓語 副詞”。副詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示賓語的狀態(tài)，與賓語有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。常見的副詞有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如：

1). Mr. Li drove us home.

2). When got there, we found him out.

4.“賓語 介詞短語”。介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)常表示其邏輯主語（即賓語）所處的狀態(tài)，兩者有主表的關(guān)系。如：

We found everything in good order.

5.“賓語 不定式”。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種：

a.要求帶to的不定式

The cool water of the lake invited us to swim.

b. 不帶to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等使役動(dòng)詞

The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.

I often hear him read English in his room.

c.單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to

She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.

6.“賓語 現(xiàn)在分詞”。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，此時(shí)在該句型中的賓語即為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語，有著主謂關(guān)系。

I saw them playing on the playground.

I heard Mary singing in the classroom.

7.“賓語 過去分詞”。賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。

I had my bike stolen.

The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.

8.形式賓語＋形容詞

We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.

9.賓語 what 從句

Call me what you like.

Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.