導讀一些復雜的長難句一方面是制約考生快速理解文意、準確解題的“攔路虎”，另一方面又是彰顯考生寫作功底的“走秀臺”，在某種程度上來說，對長難句的分析與掌握已成為區....

一些復雜的長難句一方面是制約考生快速理解文意、準確解題的“攔路虎”，另一方面又是彰顯考生寫作功底的“走秀臺”，在某種程度上來說，對長難句的分析與掌握已成為區分考生成績優劣的“分水嶺”其實，長難句并不可怕，在正確劃分句子成分的基礎上，運用一定的“拆分”技巧，化繁為簡、化長為短，其意立馬顯現所以，無論是從學語法的角度，還是從英語綜合素養的角度，都有必要給考生補上這欠缺的一課，今天小編就來聊一聊關于長難句語法誰講得好?接下來我們就一起去研究一下吧!

長難句語法誰講得好

一些復雜的長難句一方面是制約考生快速理解文意、準確解題的“攔路虎”，另一方面又是彰顯考生寫作功底的“走秀臺”，在某種程度上來說，對長難句的分析與掌握已成為區分考生成績優劣的“分水嶺”。其實，長難句并不可怕，在正確劃分句子成分的基礎上，運用一定的“拆分”技巧，化繁為簡、化長為短，其意立馬顯現。所以，無論是從學語法的角度，還是從英語綜合素養的角度，都有必要給考生補上這欠缺的一課。

一、長難句的常見形式

1．復合句

這些句子往往較長，一個從句套著另一個從句，環環相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整個句子結構。其實，不管句子有多長、多復雜，它只由兩部分構成，即主干和修飾成分。主干是整個句子的骨架，主要指主謂賓結構(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表結構(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修飾成分在句中只起修飾或補充主干的作用，它既可以是單詞，也可以是短語，更常見的則是從句，尤其是定語從句和狀語從句。

一般來說，復合句中的從句都是很常見的，考生比較熟悉的，但很多時候不少考生分不清單詞、短語和從句之間的相互關系，這樣會導致整個句子分析混亂。這時，考生應通過仔細分析，將每個修飾成分劃出來，找出句子的主干，這樣整個句子結構就清晰了。

[例1]　What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植)．

[分析]　此句的主語為“What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life”，是一個主語從句，其中主語從句里面又包含了一個由who引導的定語從句；is為主干句的系動詞，后面的that引導兩個并列的表語從句。

[名師指津]　分析長難句時找出主干句的謂語是至關重要的一步。

[例2]　Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented (發酵) would kill off the yeast (酵母菌) that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.

[分析]　此句的主語為Pasteur，謂語是discovered，第一個that引導的是賓語從句。在賓語從句中after引導狀語從句，第二個that引導定語從句。第三個that引導同位語從句。

[名師指津]　that在長難句里面用得非常多，所以正確理解that引導的不同從句非常重要。

2．分隔結構

為了調整語氣和增加補充信息，更主要的是為了平衡句子結構，避免頭重腳輕，使語意嚴密，結構緊湊，可將語法關系密切的兩個句子成分用其他語法成分分隔開來，這就是所謂的分隔結構。高考試題中出現較多的是插入語、用破折號插入的新話題或補充信息。此外，還有一些句子成分(一般是定語)過長而出現后置，也可以看作是插入現象，只不過它只是句子原有成分位置的調整，沒有新增信息。

[例3]　The idea of returning to the basics in the classroom — a notion (概念，觀點) which, incidentally (順便說一下), has been quietly supported for years by many respected teachers — is finally gaining some currency (流行) with school administrators (管理者)．

[分析]　兩個破折號中間的內容是對前面的補充說明。

[名師指津]　分析長難句時務必注意這些非限制性修飾成分，它們打斷了原來的行文邏輯，插入補充了一些額外的信息。

3．成分省略

在英語句子中，用詞簡潔是一條重要的修辭原則。省略主要是為了避免重復，突出關鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。成分省略一般和從句相結合，一正一反，使句子富于變化，增強表現力。例如在以than, as引導的比較狀語從句中，一些成分往往被省略，而這會給理解帶來一定的影響，而且這類句子出現頻率較高，考生需要熟記。

[例4]　I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants.

[分析]　and后省略了重復成分look forward，讀題時應將被省去的部分補全理解。

[名師指津]　補充完整省略成分，才能正確理解語境。

4．改變語序

改變語序主要針對倒裝句式。這種打破相對固定的常規語序的做法，或是為了強調句子表達的重心，或是強調一種表達語氣，如虛擬語氣、否定語氣等。這些句子往往和一些副詞、連詞相關，有明顯的標志。

[例5]　The professor marched into the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar (罐子) filled with dried beans (豆), and invited the students to guess how many beans the jar contained.

[分析]　此句正常語序為： ...placed a large jar filled with dried beans upon his desk ...

[名師指津]　還原為正常語序是理解語境的關鍵所在。

二、長難句的突破策略

1．結構分析法

所謂結構分析法，就是通過語法分析，迅速弄清句子的結構，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步驟是：首先，判斷該句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主語和謂語，再分清句子的附屬成分。

方法一：較復雜單句的處理方法——找主謂語，即找主干成分

較復雜單句在高考試卷中經常出現，所以應引起同學們的足夠重視。

①However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.

[分析]　此句的主語為“many scientists”，主語后跟一個由who引導的定語從句。主句有兩個謂語，即are doubtful和say, say后面又接了一個賓語從句。

②Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.

[分析]　此句的主語為“Some companies”，句中有兩個謂語，即have made和emphasize。

③At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute (道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.

[分析]　此句的主語為“a microcomputer”，也有兩個謂語，即locks 和sets。

方法二：并列復合句的處理方法——找并列連詞

①The hot sun had caused the dough (面團) to double in size and fermenting yeast made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing.

②Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.

[分析]　第①句中的and和第②句中的and都是并列連詞，各自連接兩個并列單句。

方法三：主從復合句的處理方法——找從屬連詞

Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.

[分析]　Whereas引導了一個從句，即“a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage”， 而“it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say”為主句，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為不定式。 “he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa”為省略從屬連詞that 的賓語從句，從句中又含有not ... until引導的時間狀語從句，時間狀語從句所在的主、從句中又各含有一個賓語從句：“his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble” (省略連接詞that)；與“if he could sleep on the sofa” (從屬連詞if)。

方法四：并列和主從復合句并存的處理方法

——先讀懂并列復合句，再看主從復合句

If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson”， and “Webster”， but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English — William, the Conqueror.

[分析]　首先找到并列連詞but，推知：If you ask ... “Webster”為but連接的第一分句，“none of these men ... the Conqueror”為第二分句；第一分句中含if引導的條件狀語從句，從句中又含有who引導的定語從句；第二分句中含who引導的定語從句。

2．意群閱讀法

一個句子可根據意思和語法結構分成若干小段，每一小段稱之為一個意群。意群可以是一個詞，一個詞組或短語，也可以是一個并列句的分句或復合句的主句、從句等。此方法有助于提高閱讀速度和理解的準確性。例如：

①When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，②an unbelted driver would meet the windshield (擋風玻璃) ③with a force equal to diving headfirst (頭向前地) into the ground from a height of 10 meters.

[分析]　①是狀語從句，②是主句，③是with引導的介詞短語作狀語。這樣，把整個句子劃為3個意群，可以大大提高閱讀速度。

運用長難句分析技巧分析下列長難句，并翻譯成漢語

1．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)This trend, which was started by the medical community (醫學界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

[分析]　which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease是非限制性定語從句，破折號后面的the very thing the medical community was trying to fight是對overweight和heart_disease的補充說明。

[翻譯]　作為醫學界為了抵抗心臟病而發起的這股潮流也有一些難以預料的副作用，如過度肥胖和心臟病，而這正是醫學界試圖抵制的。

2．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解D)The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.

[分析]　but連接兩個并列分句。第二分句中，“relatively speaking”是插入語，“because they heard the alarm and knew what to do”是原因狀語從句。

[翻譯]　通常對第一株植物的傷害更嚴重，但是相對來說，鄰居們會更安全，因為它們聽到了警報并知道做什么。

3．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀七選五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.

[分析]　“If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter”是if引導的條件狀語從句。so后面表示結果，在此部分中“that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed”是“the hint”的同位語從句，該從句中又含有when引導的時間狀語從句。

[翻譯]　如果有人敲門且不是什么重要的事情，就給自己找個借口，并讓那個人知道你很忙，這樣他們就能得到暗示，那就是當門關著時，你不想被打擾。

4．(2017·天津高考閱讀理解A)Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired，not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.

[分析]　連詞and連接兩個并列復合句，第一個分句中，suppose后是省略了that的賓語從句。第二個分句中，“that could get you in trouble”為定語從句，修飾先行詞an_email。

[翻譯]　假設你很忙，感覺很累，注意力不在電腦屏幕上，這時你發了一封可能會使你陷入麻煩中的郵件。

5．(2016·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解D)Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.

[分析]　句中when引導一個時間狀語從句；主語從句what_may_be_implied為主句的主語，that引導表語從句，在這個表語從句中，what引導的從句作consider的賓語。

[翻譯]　因此，當一個來自這些文化群體之一的人在講話的時候突然停住了，可能那個人是在繼續(講話)之前暗示聽眾去思考他之前說了什么。