來(lái)源：文都教育

動(dòng)詞-ing形式包括doing現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞。這篇文章主要講動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式內(nèi)容上屬于動(dòng)詞概念，但是從使用角度來(lái)講，在句子當(dāng)中往往充當(dāng)形容詞（作定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）和副詞（做狀語(yǔ)）的角色。

1．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，并與要加補(bǔ)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，否則句子表達(dá)不完整。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at；三使：make, let, have；兩聽(tīng)：hear, listen to；感覺(jué)：feel, 還有find, get, keep, leave, catch等。

Jerry saw Tom falling from the high building. 杰瑞看見(jiàn)湯姆從高樓上掉了下來(lái)。

Tom found it interesting to keep Jerry having waited for the whole afternoon. 湯姆覺(jué)得讓杰瑞等了一下午很有趣。

2．作定語(yǔ)：

當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前（前置定語(yǔ)）；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，放在名詞后（后置定語(yǔ)）。

You should be allowed to use 100 words to describe the following chart. 你可以用100個(gè)單詞描述下面這幅圖表。

The person talking to Cindy is Kimi. 跟Cindy聊天的那個(gè)人是Kimi。

【知識(shí)拓展】現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句法功能，如：the following chart也可用the chart that

followed; the person talking to the Cindy可改為the person who is talking to Cindy。

3．作狀語(yǔ)：

1)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

(While) Working in the university, Tom was an outstanding teacher. 在大學(xué)工作時(shí)，他是一名出色的教師。

2)作原因狀語(yǔ)：

Being a communist, Leifeng was always helping others. 由于是共產(chǎn)黨員，雷鋒經(jīng)常幫助他人。

3)作方式狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨：

Tom stayed at home, cleaning, washing and taking care of the children. 湯姆待在家里，又擦又洗還帶孩子。

4）作條件狀語(yǔ)：

(If) Spending the college years in playing Dota, you will waste your valuable time. 要是大學(xué)時(shí)代都花時(shí)間打Dota了，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。

5）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：

Tom dropped the glasses onto the ground, breaking it into pieces. 湯姆把眼鏡掉地上了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。

6）作目的狀語(yǔ)：

Tom went fishing the other day. 幾天前湯姆去釣魚(yú)了。

7）作讓步狀語(yǔ)：

Though having rained heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。

8）與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：

Tom walking on the field, a bird shitted on his head．湯姆在田野里散步時(shí)，一只鳥(niǎo)把屎拉在了他頭上。

All the railway tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的火車票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開(kāi)了。

Time permitting, well go shopping. 如果時(shí)間允許，我們將逛一會(huì)街。

【注意】有時(shí)也可用with (without) 名詞（代詞賓格） 分詞形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨的形式。如：

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。

9）作獨(dú)立成分：

Judging from (by) his appearance, she must be a spy. 從外表看，她一定是個(gè)間諜。

Generally speaking, boys are less careful. 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，男孩子表較粗心。

Having seen a man of virtue, we should try to become his equal.

Having seen a man without virtue, we should examine ourselves not to have the same defects.

見(jiàn)賢思齊焉；見(jiàn)不賢而內(nèi)自省。

Raising my head, I see the moon so bright;

Withdrawing my eyes, I miss my hometown.

舉頭望明月；低頭思故鄉(xiāng)。